Explaining how to avoid, assess and reduce the risk of injury from manual handling.
The publication aims to help employers, managers, safety officers, safety representatives, employees and others reduce the risk of injury from manual handling. It gives general guidance on the Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 as amended by the Health and Safety (Miscellaneous Amendments) Regulations 2002.
MAC Tool
- MAC is a tool developed to help users identify high-risk workplace manual handling activities
- Employers and safety representatives can use the tool to assess the risks posed by lifting, carrying and team manual handling activities. It will help them to understand, interpret and categorise the level of risk of the various known risk factors associated with manual handling activities. MAC has a numerical and colour coding score system to highlight high-risk manual handling tasks.
RAPP Tool
- This tool will practitioners to identify high-risk pushing and pulling operations and check the effectiveness of any risk-reduction measures
- There are two types of pulling and pushing operations you can assess using this tool: moving loads on wheeled equipment, such as hand trolleys, pump trucks, carts or wheelbarrows; moving loads without wheels, which might involve actions such as dragging/sliding, churning (pivoting and rolling) and rolling
- For each type of assessment there is a flow chart, an assessment guide and a score sheet. The flow charts provide an overview of the risk factors and assessment process, while the assessment guides provide information to help you determine the level of risk for each factor.
Related Documents
We’ve identified publicly available resources that we thought you might find useful.

Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 – HSE Guidance on Regulations
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Manual handling assessment charts (the MAC tool)
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