Communication is an important part of person-centred care for people living with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. Dementia is a term used to describe a range of conditions that can affect memory, thinking, language and behaviour, while Alzheimer’s disease is a very common cause of dementia.
As dementia progresses, communication can become more challenging. Someone may struggle to find the right word, follow a conversation, remember what has just been said or explain how they are feeling. However, everyone’s experience is different, and communication difficulties can vary depending on the individual, the type of dementia and its progression.
For carers and care professionals, adapting the way we communicate can help maintain connection, dignity and independence.
10 ways to communicate more effectively
1. Give them time to respond
Don’t rush to fill a silence or finish their sentence. Allowing extra time gives someone the opportunity to process what you’ve said and find their response.
2. Keep your language simple
Use short, clear sentences and focus on one question or idea at a time. Avoid giving too much information at once.
3. Ask simple questions
Where possible, offer straightforward choices rather than asking broad or complicated questions. For example, “Would you like tea or coffee?” can be easier than “What would you like to drink?”
4. Reduce distractions
Televisions, radios, background conversations and busy environments can make communication harder. Where possible, create a calm environment and give the person your attention.
5. Maintain eye contact
Position yourself where the person can see you clearly and, where appropriate, communicate at their eye level. A calm and open approach can help them feel more comfortable.
6. Listen without interrupting
Even when you think you know what someone is trying to say, allow them to finish. Showing that you are listening can be just as important as finding the right answer.
7. Look beyond words
Communication isn’t only verbal. Facial expressions, gestures, tone of voice and body language can all provide important clues about how someone is feeling or what they may be trying to communicate. As dementia progresses, non-verbal communication can become increasingly important.
8. Don’t correct or challenge unnecessarily
If someone becomes confused or says something that isn’t accurate, correcting them may increase frustration. Focus on understanding what they are trying to communicate and respond with patience and respect.
9. Use familiar prompts
Photographs, music, familiar objects and gestures can help encourage conversation and create opportunities for meaningful connection.
10. Remember the person, not just the condition
Every individual experiences dementia differently. Understanding their history, interests, preferences and routines can help you find communication approaches that work for them.
Communication is about connection
Good communication isn’t about finding the perfect words. It is about helping someone feel heard, understood and valued.
A person living with dementia may be able to understand far more than they are able to communicate, so it is important to continue involving them in conversations and decisions wherever possible.
As dementia changes, carers may need to change how they communicate too. By slowing down, listening carefully and looking beyond spoken words, we can help people living with Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia maintain meaningful connections and experience more positive interactions.
Further information
This ARC resource has been informed by guidance from:
- Alzheimer’s Society – communicating and dementia, including verbal and non-verbal communication.
- NHS – practical guidance on communicating with someone with dementia.
- Dementia UK – practical communication advice for people supporting someone with dementia.
These organisations provide further information and support for people living with dementia, their families and those involved in their care.
